positive reinforcement takes five forms :
1- food motivates :
The special study in the field of behavior
modification for disabled children that food motivates has become a profound
effect on behavior if it is given to an individual on the anticipated
performance of such behavior include food motivates , every type of food and
drink preferences of the individual but that the use of incentives has
reasonable food for many problems
Many are object to use of these markers,
saying that it is not acceptable that the rate of behavior makes access to the
individual what we love to eat or drink dependent on the performance of
behavior appropriate and here it must be
emphasized that the rate behavior of this type is used only if absolutely motivates
found that the other markers not having a significant effect on behavior
targeted if the individual does not respond to other motivates .
He might have at least in the beginning of
the program, but it works on these motivates or social smiling and others to
replace the food motivates as soon as
possible .
2- material motivates :
Material incentives include physical
things that the individual wishes to receive games, pens, colors, stars, wind
bike, tapes, etc. ....
Some have objected to the use of this type
of incentive, but because the attention of adults may sometimes not enough to
change the behavior of children, many of the studies relied on the
reinforcement material. It worked one study, for example, increasing the
duration of toys allowable depending on the children to show appropriate
responses such as satisfying instructions and exchange of materials in addition
to the game that has been reducing the length of the game in the event of
inappropriate responses and thus witnessed the procedure includes the use of
reinforcement and punishment.
(Al-Quds Open
University, behavior modification, 1996 p. 152)
3 - symbolic incentives :
The symbolic incentives are which
negotiable replacement at a later time it certain symbols (as, stars , planets,
or any other things) obtained at the individual play of acceptable conduct to
be strengthened and replace it with another incentives .
(Nazmi Abu
Mustafa, 2002, p. 42)
4- activation incentives :
Certain activities are loved by individual
spectator favorite like television program or get out of the house with friends
or different sports, visits, tours, painting, reading stories ... etc.
These incentives have many advantages make
them more accepting of food and material incentives.
5- Social incentives :-
This type of incentives like : the
smiling, praise or attention, or Kissing ... etc..
These markers too many advantages : it
triggers natural behavior can be submitted directly after rarely leads to the
use of saturation and enhancers important positive effects in the treatment and
control of all behavioral problems for students aggression, fraud, anarchism,
riots by promoting and rewarding any positive behavioral instructions for
stopping such behaviors of others and learning behaviors acceptable
alternative, such as tolerance, self-reliance and self-discipline and other.
(Al Khatib
1995 144)
