Negative reinforcement :
which is working on strengthen the behavior by
removing repugnant exciting, painful after a desirable behaviors directly leads
withdrawn or excluded increase the incidence of response.
(141 Al-Khatib 1995)
One of the most important characteristics
of negative reinforcement that eliminates unpleasant incidents and weakens the
consequential impact behavior and lead to learning is weak and learning
expectations of a possible unstable
(Helou 1999
p. 95)
If the exclusion of a specific event
following procedural behavior over the possibility of this behavior in a
similar position, we call each process and its consequences (excluding event)
and negative reinforcement also known as negative motivates consequences and
use a negative because the event has been removed or excluded either because the
word used to strengthen recurrence response that precedes this victory, and
strengthens the increasingly negative reinforcement behavior of the animals
finds exciting experiences of anger, tension and distinguished psychologists
between two versions of key negative reinforcement, namely, the requirement of
escape and avoidance requirement.
During the requirement to flee over the recurrence of
the procedural act under circumstances similar to that end a continuous
(considered organism unpleasant for him) and habits are common examples of the
following requirement escape : (covering his ears to the individual
thunderstorms during the storm so as not to hear the voices annoying phone to
the ear position to end the phone conversation-provoking anger) clean rooms
third rank, characterized by chaos and filth to end a complaint or are
disgruntled person.
The course requirement Eschewing disintegrate
recurrence of the procedural act under similar circumstances because it
prevents the occurrence or existence of what happened (expected organism that
it is not good for him)also remember that (Faran Taylor) had been able to avoid
dumping her lesson about leaving their low grades in school and after customs
following examples Eschewing the common requirement :
Linking safety belt before the car to get
rid of the vibration exciting example of the tension in order to avoid
obtaining low temperatures obedience to the parents of a reserve in advance or
punishment beatings and obey the laws to prevent accidents or fines or
imprisonment noted that during the negative motivation the sad may removed which themselves weaken behavior approach
will also see now
Psychologists called on increasing
behavior the expression ( punishment) and therefore we can say that the
negative motivates strengthens and
supports the behavior by removing punishments (impunity causes).
(See table)
Table
comparison between the methods of promotion
|
Reinforcement
|
|||
|
Negative
|
Positive
|
|
|
|
(impunity
causes or avoiding ). (Skirting Requirement)
|
(Removing the impunity
causes )
(escape
Requirement)
|
Presenting
motivations
|
Appurtenant which follows
behavior
|
|
Strength behavior and support
|
Appurtenant effect
|
||
|
Extinguished
enhanced response (may happen automatically retrieve)
|
If it stop
|
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