study aimed to identify the impact of
the use of a topic as positive reinforcement to students at the stage of basic education
in the English language rule in the town of Rafah has been briefed researcher
on topics close to the search, including :
1-study by ( Jaloi in a 1974) and finds that the verbal interaction
are more important than non-verbal interaction but it is difficult to determine
the absolute manner and he also believes that non-verbal reinforcement more
negative impact than a positive verbal reinforcement Abu Hatab, reviewed and
the results of other studies receiving the conclusions similar violin that the
review of the research shows that positive reinforcement using punishment as
the suppression of punishable conduct, but it does not ended the responses that
show that punished by the same strength as soon replace previous responses good
addition to the punishment that may generate more aggression against the
student, and especially when the teacher who punished was agitated .
(Abu Hatab,
Sadiq Al 1977 266-274)
2-study conducted by( Bonano ,1987), which aimed to compare the
impact of different models of verbal reinforcements to collect pupils owners
difficulties learning mathematics esteem and the tendency of school have
conducted the study on a sample of 36 pupils from the secondary school students
and children with difficulties in
learning mathematics has been used a questionnaire study in the
diagnosis of pupils learn mathematics and difficulties questionnaire
self-esteem and school questionnaire Mile , the teacher teaching the basic
rules in the rules account for pupils study sample after divided into 3 groups
(two empiricism groups and standard group ) using verbal reinforcement in the
groups teaching groups and the study found no difference Average function
between the two groups degrees groups and the control in the collection account
and the tendency of school and self-esteem after applying the verbal
reinforcement for the two groups .
(Abdel-Moneim
-Masoud 1998 233)
3-study
conducted by Ross and others, 1991, which aimed to determine the impact of a
strengthening in the collection of primary school pupils who suffer from
learning difficulties in computational skills in the light of cognitive behavior
and classification study was conducted on 94 pupils were taught reinforcement
for 4 weeks at one hour each week study found effective in enhancing the level
of achievement students study sample.
4-study by
the (Cain, & Batzelet ,1991), was designed to examine the effectiveness of
positive reinforcement to solve household duties account to primary school
pupils learning difficulties account holders who had failed to resolve the
duties of the account and home study was conducted on 70 pupils with 9 years
has been for these students to promote positive (reward, elder social) by the
teacher at the correct duties such pupils home and continued for a period of 3
weeks, the study found that positive reinforcement make students replacement
account household duties as required of them.
5-study by the (Ibrahim Mifleh" in 1997) aimed to identifying
the effectiveness of the denial of positive reinforcement (exception) in
reducing some forms of adaptive behavior (aggression. Hyperthyroidism) when
mentally disabled children classified with disabilities simple and enrollment
at the middle and hope for special education affiliated with the Society for
the sons of Altofilah charities in the city Altofilah The study sample
consisted of six children, the mentally disabled including four males and two
females, aged between (6_10) years.
The study showed the effectiveness of the
deprivations and positive reinforcement in reducing behavior hyperthyroidism
hitting percentage decline in the exercise of conduct for the treatment of
hyperthyroidism a 74% level occupations all members of the baseline sample
phase of the study and 20% of the baseline level
(Nazmi Abu
Mustafa 2002, p. 29)
Commenting on previous studies :
The findings of all studies indicate that
positive reinforcement different ages who deals with low pupil achievement
despite the different levels or the study This study examined the impact of the
use of positive reinforcement to students at the stage of 9th grade
education in the English language rule in the town of Rafah was hit sample size
of 870 teachers working in schools in Rafah basic various governmental of the
males and females.
This study differed from previous studies
in that they were using a questionnaire to teachers unlike previous studies
conducted on students using standard
group and practical group, and this study agrees with previous studies .
- The vast majority have been applied upon
the stage of basic education - that the primary goal of each of these studies
is to identify the effectiveness of the promotion of 9th grade
education students.
